Open Practices vs. Closed Practices

Some practices are not open to any practitioner in the spiritual world. What is a closed practice? A closed practice is a craft in which one can only take part if one is born into the practice. 
Some closed practices in the spiritual world are HooDoo, VooDoo, Brujería, and Santería. These practices also tend to have a cultural aspect to them as well. For example, HooDoo, not to be confused with VooDoo, is “a form of African folk magic,” but practitioners are typically Catholic and believe in both Catholic and African gods. HooDoo practitioners typically use natural elements like herbs, roots, crystals, etc., while using biblical texts during rituals, sessions, and spells. 
On the other hand, VooDoo (sometimes Vodou) originated in Haiti and found a resurgence through Creole natives in the southern United States. Like HooDoo, both practices are a form of Catholicism and African culture. In religious rituals, practitioners often sing, dance, and drum to gain the attention of the spirit they are trying to invoke while also using hymns and prayers to communicate with the spirits. 
While HooDoo is mainly based on Catholicism and African religion, VooDoo is based chiefly on traditional West and Central African spirituality. It only adopted aspects of Catholicism after its practitioners were enslaved and not allowed to practice native traditions. VooDoo practitioners like to be viewed as healers as VooDoo is not a religion but native spirituality. 
Brujería, the literal translation from Spanish being witchcraft, is most often practiced in Latin American countries and areas. Those practicing brujería are descendants of indigenous Latinx individuals. 
Brujería has many similarities to modern-day witchcraft, with the use of an altar, no particular belief in or use of deities, and the use of “white and black” or light and dark magick. 
Santería, on the other hand, is a polytheistic religion, meaning that its practitioners believe in multiple gods or deities. Compared to the different practices I’ve discussed, La Santería is similar to Haitian VooDoo. In religious rituals in Santería, song, dance, spirit possession, and animal sacrifices are common and occur during nearly every ritual or “ceremonias.”
They refer to their deities as “orishas” and believe every child born from a descendant is connected to a certain orisha. Practitioners believe that the orisha you are taken to can tell a lot about your personality. 
Another closed practice that I want to discuss quickly is the act of “smudging.” Smudging to eliminate negative energies and spirits is a Native and Indigenous practice. Many modern-day witches use white sage and palo santo in their cleansing rituals. The use of white sage and palo santo go hand-in-hand with smudging, as these are the most commonly used sacred plants for Native and Indigenous people in rituals. 
The most significant commonality between all these closed practices is giving offerings to the spirits or deities a practitioner may work with. Aside from that, to practice these native traditions, one must be born into them.